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Florence through the centuries

A chronological guide to Florence, tracing the city from its Roman foundation through communal independence, Medici rule, Habsburg government and Italian unification.

Florence through the centuries

Why go

This overview helps connect Florence's visible layers. Florentia began as a Roman veterans' settlement in 59 BC; a self-governing commune emerged after 1115; and the Medici later turned a republic into a ducal state. In 1569 Cosimo I became Grand Duke of Tuscany, and Florence finally served as the capital of unified Italy from 1865 to 1871.

Original World content and translations, shown as supplied. Practical information may need updating.

Florence / Tours & Travel

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Tours & Travel / Florence

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