Why go
Funchal’s conditions do not describe the whole island. Moist air reaches the mountain slopes differently, and the higher ground can feel unlike the coast on the same day. Porto Santo and the dry Selvagens add further contrasts across the archipelago.
The full story
Madeira’s central ridge helps produce distinct local conditions. The north-facing and higher slopes receive more moisture, supporting the forest landscape; the south has historically needed water brought by levadas for cultivation. Sun exposure, wind and height also affect how a day feels from one valley to the next. Porto Santo has a drier character than the main island, while the distant Selvagens are more arid still. This range matters most when planning walks: a clear view from Funchal says little about cloud or wind on a ridge, and a wet mountain day need not define a south-coast visit. Old averages and reports of past wildfires are poor substitutes for conditions on the day. Use a location-specific forecast, especially for exposed paths, and be ready to change the order of coast and mountain plans.