Why go
The cathedral rewards close looking because its history is visible in layers. Arnolfo di Cambio’s project began in 1296, Brunelleschi completed the structure with his dome in 1436, and Emilio De Fabris added the present Gothic Revival façade in the 19th century.
What to look for
- Trace the green, pink and white marble panels across the cathedral exterior.
- Read Brunelleschi’s dome as a separate engineering intervention above the Gothic church.
- Notice how the 19th-century façade completes a building begun nearly six centuries earlier.
Useful to know
- Walk around the exterior first so the dome, nave and later façade make sense as distinct parts.
- Check the official timetable before visiting, since worship and religious celebrations can affect entry.
Your next visit
Estimated · Declared scenario and planning estimates; no live opening, weather, queue or booking service.
Outdoor visit · 10–15 min
Public-space walk and exterior observation only; no interior, garden, tower or ticketed admission included. Durations and walking are estimates. Check temporary restrictions and park or market opening times.
Outdoor visit · 30–45 min
World planning estimate; admission, opening, visit duration and access need checking.